Hydroxyethyl starch inhibits glycocalyx-degrading enzymes, facilitating the restoration of glycocalyx thickness and enhancing expression of VE-cadherin, occludin, and zonula occludens-1, reducing albuminfluorescein isothiocyanate infiltration, and improving pulmonary vascular permeability [45]
VAST clinical trial: safely supplementing tissue lost to degenerative disc disease
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02895-w
It would seem it is hardly covered in Med schools these days and there is an over emphasis on the recognition of it through the anaemia it causes whereas neurological symptoms usually occur before the anaemia
It should be kept away from strong chelators (such as high levels of EDTA and related sequestrants), reducing sugars, thiol-bearing actives, and high concentrations of direct acids (for example ascorbic acid or alpha-hydroxy acids at low pH), all of which can compete for the copper center or disrupt the peptide-metal bond and shift the characteristic blue color toward brown or colorless degradation products