HMSC transduced with lentiviral vectors to overexpress Ex-4 (MSC-Ex-4) maintained typical hMSC morphology, viability, and surface marker expression (CD44, CD73, CD90, and CD105), indicating that the genetic modification did not compromise stemness or core phenotypic characteristics [18, 26]
Copper accumulation is theoretically possible with very high doses over extended periods
Later, the same research team found that keratinocyte-specific knockout mice lacking GPX4 showed aberrant epidermis proliferation, infiltration of inflammatory cells in the dermis, and morphologic alteration of hair follicles
Actual dosing, treatment length, and recommendations are determined by provider evaluation and individual patient needs
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