JACC Heart Fail 11(8 Pt 2):11351146
Conversely, population studies have found no association between increased risk of diabetic retinopathy and GLP-1 RA use [104, 105], with a low odds ratio observed for exenatide (OR 0.16), liraglutide (OR 0.18), albiglutide (OR 0.09), and dulaglutide (OR 0.11) [106]
It also did not account for treatment duration, genetic risk factors, cancer stage, or tumor subtype
The most common side effects include: Gastrointestinal issues: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation are typical when starting GLP-1 therapy
Mechanism of Action GLP-1: Suppresses appetite, slows gastric emptying GIP: Enhances insulin secretion post-meal Glucagon: Increases energy expenditure and fat oxidation Preliminary trials showed up to 24.2% body weight loss over 48 weeks in obese participants exceeding results seen with Semaglutide or Tirzepatide in comparable timelines