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What Causes Vitamin B12 Deficiency Anemia
Hydroxocobalamin is the standard UK preparation, administered intramuscularly for conditions like pernicious anaemia and gastrointestinal malabsorption B12 acts as a cofactor in DNA synthesis, red blood cell formation, and nervous system function, supporting energy metabolism pathways Common side effects include injection site reactions, mild gastrointestinal upset, and temporary urine discolouration, with serious reactions being rare NHS access requires GP assessment with blood tests
PMC 10896480
This comprehensive strategy prevents the metabolic pushback commonly seen with single-target therapies
The results of the power calculations are shown in Additional file 1: Table S6 [38, 39]
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